What is Rheumatology?

Rheumatology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases affecting the joints, muscles, and bones. Physicians who specialize in this field, known as rheumatologists, primarily treat conditions such as arthritis, autoimmune diseases (like lupus or scleroderma), osteoarthritis, and other musculoskeletal disorders.

Rheumatic diseases affect an estimated 1.71 billion people worldwide (WHO figures), making them one of the most common global health issues. These diseases can affect adults as well as children, often causing pain, inflammation, and joint stiffness. They are the leading cause of disability, impacting mobility, independence, and overall quality of life. Many of these conditions are chronic and require long-term management to improve patient well-being. Their impact is not only functional but also social and economic, and they are often associated with other chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease or depression.

Treatment in rheumatology may include medication, physical therapy, lifestyle guidance, and in some cases surgical interventions. Care is often provided in collaboration with other health professionals such as physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and nurses. The main goals are to relieve pain, slow disease progression, and preserve mobility.